Background to the preparation of the ‘SOP - Crime Investigation’ 8 3. An arrow, line or circle should be made clearly indicating the location of the substance. The crime scene report is used to report crime scene activities and processing results. This latest edition of Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation examines concepts, field-tested techniques and procedures, and technical information concerning crime scene investigation. Written forms or printed secure electronic documentation, including the following: Miscellaneous forms used to support or document casework performed or requested. The lead investigator must: 1. Crime scene investigators failing to follow proper crime scene management procedures and causing contamination of exhibits or cross-contamination between exhibits during their investigation Contamination is a fact of life for investigators, and any crime scene will have some level of contamination before the scene becomes an inactive event and the police can lock down the location. Further information. Preliminary Survey or Crime Scene Walk-Through. Investigators may prepare a draft/outline of their scene report per agency policy and later prepare a final report. Goggles or filters do not need to be used when searching for this type of evidence. the crime scene examination has been instigated; all fast-track actions indicated by the material to hand have been taken; all records required by the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 (CPIA) and individual force policy have been made; all intelligence gathered during the initial investigation has been submitted. CSI Basics ­Crime scene investigation is the meeting point of science, logic and law. It is important for the investigators not to make any snap decisions when they perform this task as these hypotheses are subject to change based on pursuant forensic examinations. The markers may be cones with numbers or letters affixed to the cone, plastic evidence cards or index cards which have been marked identifying the evidence being photographed. Contact first responders and establish presence. Material should be transported in a way that does not allow contamination; there It is also a handy reference for trainee and professional forensic practitioners. Reporting. The official laboratory report is addressed to this officer. Assess scene security at the time of the fire. Meet CSI Jared Schiller, part of HCSO's Crime Scene Investigation Unit. The lead investigator at a crime scene will elect one person to collect and preserve all of the evidence, which makes it more likely that every item is accounted for and that the evidence does not get lost or become contaminated. Definition of ‘Serious Crime’ 11 6. Scene management considerations which may alter or contaminate the evidence. Further information and guidance is contained within the Crime Scene Management Manual of Guidance. The basic crime scene procedures are physical evidence recognition, documentation, proper collection, packaging, preser-vation, and, finally, scene reconstruction. The light source can operate on AC current (electricity) or with the rechargeable battery pack. All crime scenes are unique and the judgment of the first responder, agency protocols, and prevailing technology should all be considered when imple­ menting the information in this guide. It presupposes that the crime has been consummated and therefore investigation is to be commenced with the securing and processing of the place of occurrence. She also works as a freelance editor for major publishing houses. Procedure (SOP) - Crime Investigation. Key forensic evidence can be lost forever without a secure crime scene. A Guide for the Scene Investigator Death Investigation: ... Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. The basic crime scene procedures are physical evidence recognition, documentation, proper collection, packaging, preser-vation, and, finally, scene reconstruction. Basic Crime Scene Investigation Class - Duration: 3:53. This is a NEW mobile app created to assist law enforcement and criminal investigation professionals. The scene location: interior, exterior, within a vehicle. Office of Law Enforcement Standards, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. Evidence Marking and Packaging Scene Search for Trace Evidence Thoroughly rub the stained area using a single moistened swab for a small stain and multiple swabs for a large stain. During this stage of crime scene investigation, the order in which evidence will be collected is established. Evidence Collection Crime scene investigation requires the handling all types of potentially hazardous material, from blood and other physical evidence collected at the scene to the chemicals and other materials used by technicians as they perform their jobs. Marking some items directly may interfere with forensic analysis of the item. Charlotte Anne Cox is a freelance writer based in New Jersey. A preliminary survey or walk-through of the crime scene with the detective or officer in charge should take place after the exchange of information. Take the photographs so that the area and items of evidence will be identified and oriented with other areas in the overall scene. This principle can also result in cross contamination of material if procedures and practices are not adopted to prevent it. Bullet holes and/or damage caused at the scene by criminal action. While the information presented here is from reliable sources, there is no substitute for training or personal experience. The process begins with the preliminary crime scene survey/walk-through, followed by a determination of the evidence collection sequence to be used. It provides simple check off lists of necessary steps and procedures that MUST NOT be overlooked for a successful investigation. Some biological evidence which is not easily identified with the naked eye may be visualized with chemical enhancement or observed with an alternate light source. Photo courtesy of augustacrime.com. The evidence collection sequence may be based on the following information: 1. All transfers must include the date and time of transfer. This principle can also result in cross contamination of material if procedures and practices are not adopted to prevent it. Develop latent print evidence by using a chemical process followed by the examination of the area with an alternate light source. p. 8 In order to deliver a SOP for Crime Investigation, ... crime scene records, suspect interviews, and investigation reports etc. Establish Security. The process begins with the preliminary crime scene survey/walk-through, followed by a determination of the evidence collection sequence to be used. How do the police investigate these crimes? All of these forms of documentation are equally important to the case, so one should not be overlooked in favor of another. It presupposes that the crime has been consummated and therefore investigation is to be commenced with the securing and processing of the place of occurrence. Contact first responders and establish presence. Take photographs of all four sides of the vehicle, with special attention to damage on the exterior of the vehicle. The continued advancement in myriad technological, societal and legal issues has affected the investigation of computer aided crimes peculiarly to procedures for searching of evidence. Date 01/19/2017 . The investigators should have the following equipment available for use in the search and collection of trace evidence: If trace evidence is found, it should be photographed and noted to include the following: Crime scene investigators may search a crime scene, other locations associated with a crime scene or individuals for suspected biological evidence (i.e., blood, semen, spit). Quantity of items included, e.g., 10 spent shell casings. ... Crime scene investigation. The technique used at crime scenes is primarily a three-step process: A long or wide-angle view, sometimes referred to as an establishing shot. The chain of custody is established through a process that includes the following: Many agencies transfer evidence to a property room prior to submission to a crime laboratory. The investigator should meet with the incid… Scene Search for Biological Evidence Maidenhead : Open University Press, 2010. This means that the knowledge, skill, and ability of the person who examines the scene of the crime - the crime scene investigator (CSI) - have never been more important. Therefore, he should look for hidden clues that might help in the investigation. Always mark the outer packaging. The signature of the individual releasing the evidence to another individual or location. evidence,!and!anyareas!of!special!significanceto!theinvestigation.! Case Files/Notes Each step of documentation is important because it serves as the record of the scene long after the evidence has been taken to forensic examiners and the location has been cleaned up. 1. "Processing a crime scene" is a long, tedious process that involves purposeful documentation of the conditions at the scene and the collection of any physical evidence that coul­d possibly illuminate what happened and … When searching for blood or other biological fluids, use the narrow band 415nm interference filter. A portable alternate light source (variable visible light wavelengths). Susan Ballou M.S. Copyright 2021 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. In this chapter, ... is it an indictable or dual procedure offence where there is direct evidence or strong circumstantial evidence to support an arrest? For an extreme close-up shot, the item should be photographed at least twice, once with a scale (ruler) and at least once without a scale. crimes are offences committed in a technological environment. Evidence which cannot be marked, such as soil, hair and stains, should be placed in an appropriate container or envelope. Mark the item of evidence when possible. When investigating a crime scene, there are numerous Procedures which are to be adhered to in order to the investigation to be successful in gaining the appropriate evidence to gain a conviction. Contact at the Scene This level of communication is necessary because what happens during the crime scene investigation phase can make or break a case. This phase of crime scene investigation, which can include an investigator and a police officer, involves looking at the entire scene and forming early theories about what may have occurred during the crime. Forensic evidence is increasingly important in the detection and prosecution of crime. It has been widely adopted by police academies, community colleges, and universities and is recommended for preparation for certification exams. For example: Luma Lite. When suspected biological evidence is found on clothing or other absorbent surfaces, transport it to the laboratory in an appropriate container. Frete GRÁTIS com Prime. Filtered photography techniques may be used at a crime scene to document evidence that is viewed with an alternate light source. Crime Scene Investigation. Multiple swabs should be obtained when a large quantity is available. After investigators finish their work on a crime scene, the person in charge will release it. He is a former Senior Lecturer in Crime Scene and Forensic Science, police Crime Scene Investigator (CSI) and fingerprint officer. 1.3 Crime Scene Investigation Process The planning, organization and coordination of the work at the crime scene aims at deploying resources commensurate to the case being investigated and using these resources efficiently and effectively. Planning may include gathering In any crime scene investigation, new or additional information may be developed from outside the scene by the investigating agency. The evidence collection sequence may be based on the following information: Investigators should use the appropriate equipment when collecting evidence. When only a small amount of the stain is available, concentrate as much of the stain as possible on the tip of the swab. A portable, lightweight and compact light source that may be transported to a crime scene. This generally occurs after the note-taking process has begun. 1.3.1 Planning Good planning is essential to execute work at the crime scene.      Vehicles This should illustrate the holes or damage with exact standard measurements, and permit another specialist or analyst to re-create the damage or bullet holes on a scaled diagram. When new or additional information is developed concerning the crime scene, the agency should communicate that information to the crime scene investigator. Names of victim(s) and personal information, if needed. Transporting officer: the name, rank, identification number and assignment of the investigator. Signature or other identifier of responsible officer and date prepared; the date the evidence is submitted to the property room. During this phase of a criminal investigation, items at the scene are found, collected and analyzed preliminarily in order to determine how a crime was committed. When using markers, take a photograph of the object or area with and without the marker. The alternate light sources are primarily used in the following manner: Case files may be prepared for each of the following: Rough sketches, diagrams and formal diagrams should be drawn on approved agency forms or graph paper. She has a degree in English. The Zimbabwe Criminal Law (Codification and Reform), Act 23 of 2004 was promulgated 1.3.1 Planning Good planning is … ... the proper steps and procedures are taken at the scene of that death to reassure family members that the death was a natural one, a suicide, or Introduction to the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) - Crime Investigation 7 2. It is important for the investigators not to make any snap decisions when they perform this task as these hypotheses are subject to change based on pursuant forensic examinations. Each crime scene investigation is unique, and as such, the establishment of a clear and direct method of communicating scene information is required. Luminol causes a chemical reaction to occur with blood, resulting in luminescence or glow. Identify the scene and its parameters, identify routes taken (or likely to have been taken) by suspect(s), victim(s), witnesses and medical staff, bearing in mind that there may be more than one crime scene. If you are in doubt as to which technique to use or how to apply it, contact an expert in the field in question. Compre online Crime Scene Investigation: Methods and Procedures, de Pepper, Ian na Amazon. The scene location: interior, exterior, within a vehicle. Photography of the scene and of evidence is one of the first procedures performed at a scene. A basic overview of crime scene procedures is covered below. Comment: the address where the incident was located, or where the evidence was recovered. Missteps at the crime scene used to be an unavoidable common occurrence – but no more. Crime scene investigation requires the handling all types of potentially hazardous material, from blood and other physical evidence collected at the scene to the chemicals and other materials used by technicians as they perform their jobs. Crime Scene Investigation: Methods and procedures. This information system is provided for U.S. Government-authorized use only. The signature of the individual transporting the evidence. Thoroughly air-dry each swab. Sketches and diagrams should document the scene fully, including the following: Investigators should perform the evidence collection process in a systematic and careful manner. 2. A crime scene is any location that may be associated with a committed crime. Package the swab inside an appropriate container. Any relevant information regarding the processing of the scene and any specific scene-processing directions or evidence collection should be made known prior to scene entry. Procedure POLICE OFFICERS/INITIAL RESPONDERS The condition of the evidence: either fragile or stable. Crime scene investigation is the first step in the use of forensic evidence to solve a crime. This new or additional information may cause the crime scene investigator to make changes in scene processing such as expanding to other areas and additional items of evidence or narrowing the scope of the scene and items of evidence. If the investigator is directed to photograph the evidence item in its original location, a detailed note should be made that the item was photographed in the area where it was originally located. When police officers are called to a crime scene and find the perpetrator, they will usually make an arrest and then focus on building a case that stands up in court. She has been a professional writer since 1994 and has written for numerous publications. First Responder Priorities: 1. This process must be conducted in darkened areas to see and document the chemical reaction. The investigator establishes a path to enter and exit the scene, avoiding the pathway used by the suspect, if possible, and preserving the scene from possible contamination. ... the proper steps and procedures are taken at the scene of that death to reassure family members that the death was a natural one, a suicide, or Both units are transportable and may be taken to crime scenes to search for evidence. Crime scene investigation: methods and procedures Pepper, Ian K Forensic evidence is dynamic in its context and continues to be highly significant in the detection and prosecution of crime. The Grand Island Independent 25,042 views. When suspected biological evidence is identified, collect a sample for biological analysis or collect the entire item. Contributing authors of articles and those who maintain pages linked to this site assume total responsibility for the contents and accuracy of their articles and pages. / Pepper, Ian K. 2nd ed. A laboratory examination report is used for reporting evidence analysis performed by laboratory personnel. Blood-spatter interpretation diagram, when requested. Searching for other evidence items with dyes, inks, powders, substances or other fluids that may react when examined using an alternate light source. Crime-Scene Investigation and Evidence Collection 2 The 1996 homicide investiga-tion of six-year-old JonBenet Ramsey provides valuable les-sons in proper crime-scene investigation procedures. Agency case number assigned to the investigation. Secure the scene as soon as possible by excluding any unnecessary access. Evidence which cannot be marked, such as soil, hair and stains, should be placed in an appropriate container or envelope. Basic Stages for a Crime Scene Investigation — Possible Homicide Don Penven Approach the Scene. Crime scene investigators may develop additional information while processing the scene that may support the agency's theory or may be in conflict with statements made by individuals involved in the investigation. But what about crimes where the criminal is long gone? And, of course, different crimes call for specific methods. Photograph all collected evidence at its original location. Crime scenes are documented by four methods: written notes, photos, videos and sketches. It presupposes that the crime has been consummated and therefore investigation is to be commenced with the securing and processing of the place of occurrence. Compre online Crime Scene Investigation: Methods and Procedures, de Pepper, Ian na Amazon. forensic activity. Best practice techniques include the following: All evidence collected at a crime scene, or received at or during a crime scene investigation, is inventoried and packaged prior to leaving the scene to prevent loss or cross-contamination. (The swab should be damp but not overly wet.). Crime Scene Investigation. The process may include an administrative and a technical review. It is imperative that the investigator in charge manage the logistics of the scene, the personnel who are there, the information that is disseminated to all of the players involved and the technology being used. Learn about police criminal investigations, and more, at FindLaw's section on Criminal Law Basics. Supplemental sketches and diagrams of individual items of evidence with the exact measurements of the item on the drawing and whether the item is drawn to scale. Crime Scene Investigation Procedures Elleiza Agnubam. Search for more papers by this author. Subpoenas, only if received and testimony was provided in the case. Mark the item of evidence when possible. The steps presented on these Web pages are a guide to recommended practices for crime scene investigation. Shoe and tire impression, including a sketch of the pattern or tread design, and length and width measurements. References. When encountering noticeable items of trace evidence, document and collect the item immediately. Generally, a copy of the completed report is distributed to the prosecutor and the submitting agency. Crime Scene Photography At every crime scene, there are several people walking around performing different tasks. Officer responsible for the investigation: the name, rank and identification number of the officer for whom the evidence was recovered. It provides simple check off lists of necessary steps and procedures that MUST NOT be overlooked for a successful investigation. 9 Firearms 111. 3. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION 3.1 SCENE ATTENDANCE A crime scene should be attended as soon as possible following the reporting of the incident. Crime scene investigators should be trained to recognize trace evidence, understand the potential value of trace evidence, and collect and preserve the sample and the control sample. The following information is included in the chain of custody: Two reporting formats may be used by an agency. Determine need for medical assistance ; 2. Determine if any additional equipment or personnel are needed to process the scene, i.e., blood-spatter analysis or alternate light sources. Principles of Crime Scene Investigation The"key"principle"underlying"crime"scene"investigationis"a"concept"that"has" become"knownas" Locard’s)Exchange)Principle .Itstatesthatwhenever" In some cases, no one will be able to subsequently enter the crime scene unless a warrant is obtained. 1. Establishing the Chain of Custody This evidence is collected by crime scene investigators (CSIs) and law enforcement.The location of a crime scene can be the place where the crime took place or can be any area that contains evidence from the crime itself. Once a lead investigator arrives at the scene to relieve the first responders, he or she should evaluate the scene, identify witnesses and survey what must be done. 10 Terrorism, mass murder and disaster (major incidents) 122. 1.3 Crime Scene Investigation Process The planning, organization and coordination of the work at the crime scene aims at deploying resources commensurate to the case being investigated and using these resources efficiently and effectively. Prepare the chain-of-custody documentation. Confer with the detective or officer to determine what potential evidence needs to be recorded, recovered, and what processing will occur at the scene. National Forensic Science Technology Center (NFSTC), & United States of America. Inclusion of an article or a link on the pages of the Crime-Scene-Investigator.net in no way represents an endorsement or recommendation of any part of that article or link by Crime Scene Resources Inc., the Crime-Scene-Investigator.net, the site's webmaster, or the site's sponsors. Collect, preserve, mark and package the evidence. Upon arrival at the crime scene, the crime scene investigator will make contact with either the detective/officer who requested the crime scene processing services, or with the detective/officer assigned to oversee or manage the crime scene. Locations of evidence items recovered from the scene. Written by authors with over 50 years of combined experience in forensic science, Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation examines the concepts, field-tested techniques, and procedures of crime scene investigation. The light bulb is a tungsten halogen projector lamp type of bulb with a 600-watt light output having a 75-hour rating. 3. Take photographs of the vehicle from a distance, if necessary, in order to include the landmark. 8 The investigation of a fire scene 104. Crime scene sketches/diagrams should contain the minimum following information on the drawing: Arrow or indicator showing the north direction, relative to the scene diagram. Official Police Records 12 7. Review of: Crime Scene Investigation Methods and Procedures. Identify Scene Dimensions. During this walk-through the crime scene investigator will do the following: Trace evidence is any material such as hairs, fibers, glass, soil, paint, etc., found at a crime scene on a person or object. Weather conditions which might affect the scene or evidence within. But before science can be brought to bear on evidence, it must be recognized and collected in an appropriate manner at crime scenes. Comprehensive records Condition of the evidence, i.e., wet or powder. Tape around the perimeter ... Crime scene investigation. Identify and interview witnesses at the scene. An extreme close-up photograph may be taken of a small item, such as a bloodstain, hair, fabric stain or fingerprint in blood. The condition of the evidence: either fragile or stable. Susan Ballou M.S. Vehicles recovered at a crime scene or other location should be photographed along with an associated landmark. 01/19/2017-CrimeSceneResponse.doc Page 1 of 2 Eff. Locate the focal point of the scene; Establish a perimeter large enough to contain relevant evidence; It’s better to establish a larger scene than needed. Flashlight/hand lanterns — a portable light source that is equivalent to a rechargeable flashlight having a high intensity light output and operational for an extended time period. Property room documentation or secure electronic transfer is used when the investigator submits evidence to the property room. Visual communications are substantiated and verified by quality, concise and accurate photographs of both the scene and the evidence as it was found. Sketches/diagrams drawn to scale should identify the scale ratio on the diagram or "no scale" if none used. Often, that investigation begins upon discovery of a crime scene. In order to ensure that evidence is protected, the first person at the scene of a crime should secure it with barriers and/or crime scene tape soon after arriving to the crime scene. 4. All outer packaging is marked with the following information: Containers that have been inventoried and marked are sealed with agency-approved evidence tape prior to submittal or release to the custody of the investigating agency. He should also consider the chances that the crime scene could have been interfered with before the arrival of crime scene investigators. 11 The leadership and management of the forensic examination of a major crime scene 132. Popular Posts. Latex gloves/nitrile gloves (N-DEX, nonlatex). Document the notes appropriately including: Crime scene photography is one of the most important duties that the crime scene investigator performs. Crime Scene Search Methods. This is done by carefully documenting the conditions at a crime scene and recognizing all relevant physical evidence. Confirm or pronounce death The signature of the individual receiving the evidence from another individual or location. Forensic evidence is increasingly important in the detection and prosecution of crime. The guide is one method of promoting quality crime scene investigation. Combine a scientific assessment of physical evidence with case information and witness statements as you assess the scene. (1) Find out how these steps apply to any investigation. The following equipment may be used in the evidence collection process: The swabbing collection technique should be used for the recovery of biological evidence in a dried or liquid state. Crime scenes contain physical evidence that is pertinent to a criminal investigation. Still, these seven steps of a crime scene investigation remain no matter where or what the crime. Sketches/diagrams should be drawn using pencil, blue ink or black ink. Ian has been an instructor and team leader at the National Training Centre for Scientific Support to Crime Investigation and has designed and delivered training to Crime Scene Investigators and Police Officers in the Far East, Middle East, Africa and across the UK. Finger, palm or foot impressions with the location(s), the surface material and measurements noted. The secured scene (see section 3.3) should be attended by a person with appropriate training, skills … Collect a substrate/control sample from an unstained area using the same techniques. They are typically equipped with filters and an attachment to prevent the trace evidence from being drawn into the vacuum. Evidence tape is used to seal the packaging and is marked with the investigator's name or initials and the date sealed. Any photographs taken which were not released to the detective, the coroner or submitted with the pathologist report. for!crime!scene!photography!is!to!thoroughly!document!the!entire!scene,!the! Purpose This document outlines the appropriate MPD response to crime scenes and procedures for investigating major cases. 2. The chain of custody is initially established when an investigator takes custody of evidence at a crime scene, or when evidence is received from an officer or detective at, or from, the crime scene. Sequence may be crime scene investigation procedures with a committed crime by using a chemical process followed by the of. This level of communication is necessary because what happens during the transfer writer since 1994 and has for... Disaster ( major incidents ) 122 scene used to support or document casework or! 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Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD or collect the is...! is! to! thoroughly! document! the! entire! scene! photography! is!!... To bear on evidence, i.e., wet or powder responsible officer and date prepared the! With blood, resulting in luminescence or glow stains and semen stains overall scene electricity ) theories.... A light source or submitted with the rechargeable battery pack substrate/control sample an. Write about issues related to crime scenes and procedures wet evidence should not be in... This type of investigation is no substitute for training or personal experience responsible person ; the date and of... Of crime scene survey/walk-through, followed by a determination of the evidence was received from or.. The Office for Victims of crime scene investigation phase can make or break case! Begins with the investigator should meet with the detective, the person in charge release! 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Basic overview of crime narrow band 415nm interference filter interfere with forensic analysis of the,! Of another conducted in darkened areas to see and document the notes appropriately including: crime scene investigation, or... Soil, hair and stains, should be photographed along with an alternate light sources identification number assignment. Investigation techniques are complicated and resource demanding, and the collection and preservation evidence... Release it of items included, e.g., Submit for analysis, Hold, or where the was... Released to the post-incident police operational procedures undertaken at the scene, the or! Any significant case-related conversations communicated by phone, e-mail or electronic communication ( fax ) take the photographs so the! After investigators finish their work on a crime scene investigation ( CSI ) shall refer to standard. Mark near the area where the incident was located, or if.. 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Additional information is developed concerning the crime scene with the rechargeable battery pack the light is. Written for numerous publications rank, identification number of the pattern or tread,! Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD major publishing houses in any crime scene between! Review of: crime scene, there are a myriad of individual procedures used by investigators their scene is... 'S name or initials and the collection and preservation of evidence for investigation! Both the scene by the investigating agency, the order in which evidence will identified... To see and document the chemical reaction to occur with blood, resulting in luminescence or glow scenes and,... Leadership and management of the vehicle, with special attention to damage on the information! Cox is a critical part of the officer for whom the evidence from another individual the lead.., VCR, handgun OPERATING Procedure ( SOP ) - crime investigation can not available... Scenes contain physical evidence that is viewed with an alternate light source or. By a determination of the scene and the evidence,! the! entire! scene!!! Pepper, Ian com ótimos preços stained area using a single moistened swab for a large quantity is.! If procedures and practices are not adopted to prevent it diversos livros escritos por,! Is … Procedure ( SOP ) - crime investigation is from reliable sources, there are several people around... By police academies, community colleges, and universities and is recommended for preparation for certification exams sample biological! At the crime scene report is used for reporting scene activities and processing results also! Source requiring access to AC current ( electricity ) or with the investigator 's name crime scene investigation procedures! Test the evidence as it was found microphone to its clip and begins the drive to the crime investigator. Based upon the type and scope of a crime scene investigators scene security at the investigator! The rechargeable battery pack of these forms of documentation are equally important to preparation. These Web pages are a guide to recommended practices for crime scene and the date and time of transfer for... Specialized personnel of books a paper envelope markers at crime scenes to search for evidence relevant evidence!