(LogOut/ In the south, numbers peaked at 160 560 in 1997, up from 83 150 in 1981, and then fell back to ca 135 000 in 2001. Prior to enactment of the 2011 smokefree law, one quarter of Brazilians were exposed to second-hand smoke in their workplace. Tobacco farming employs 52,000 people, specially in periods of planting, harvesting, sorting and drying. The country's international buyers are demanding 170 million kg, which means that the supply from Malawi is short by 30 million kg. Figures released by SindiTabaco in 2013 show that Brazil exported 85% of all its tobacco production. The position reached by Brazil as second largest producer of tobacco is due to factors such as low production cost, since . In the same period in 2014, sales dropped 39% and the following months would not be good either. Numbers have been rounded. Dealing with Brazils high tax rates of up to 74% has become one of the tobacco industrys biggest challenges in Brazil. Shifting away from tobacco to other crops if it were possible could have a significant impact on food security for tobacco growing farmers. Since 1990, tobacco production in Brazil has grown 94%, with cultivation areas close to 1 million acres of land, and producing over 851,000 tons of tobacco in the year 2013. The 560,181 tons are divided into 512,594 tons for the Virginia variety, 41,793 tons for Burley, and 5,794 tons for Galpo Comum. FCV accounts for the majority, 82% of the total production. This is a skilled workforce, working for companies that often proudly claim compliance with. [Online]. "Production of tobacco in Brazil from 2010 to 2021 (in billion Brazilian reals)." Its production is destined to cigarette manufacture as for exportation. That year, Brazil generated approximately 1.5 billion U.S. dollars in unmanufactured . Sales made quick progress in colonial times and tobacco became so important that during the next century, a special legislation on the crop was approved and taxes were lighter. The Common is sold mainly to domestic markets. According to Sinditabaco, the slight reduction in world cigarettes consumption in 2013 also did not help to improve the sales results in 2014. Register in seconds and access exclusive features. The original source does not give any information regarding the publication date. It became really popular in Europe when the French ambassador in Portugal, Jean Nicot, discovered in 1560 that the plant cured migraines. Smoking, however, prevailed with time and this form of consumption spread all over the world. With the biggest export market since 1993, Brazil keeps its top position even with a 24% drop in sales in 2014. Currently, you are using a shared account. The cultivated area destined for tobacco production is of 405,000 hectares, roughly 1 million acres, as of 2013. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. In, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Show publisher information China is the largest tobacco producer in the world with 2,611,610 tonnes production per year. Statista. ?o dos Fumicultores Brasileiros (Afubra) (the Association of Brazilian Tobacco Growers) and Associa? 1.1 Definition and scope of study. Your email address will not be published. According to the Brazils association of tobacco growers (AFUBRA), 347,000 hectares are planted by 162,000 big and small growers. By the mid-1990s, more than half of the 120 tobacco-growing low- and middle-income countries were losing a combined 211,000 hectares to deforestation . * Unmanufactured tobacco. Brazil is one of the world's largest tobacco producers, with exports worth . Paraguayan net imports of production inputs seem to be abnormally high for their legal needs. So, he sent it to his queen, Catherine de Medici, who suffered from constant headaches. Exchange rate fluctuations also impact our competitiveness and it is an obstacle that Brazilian industry needs to face. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. In 2015, the company sold 108 thousand tons of tobacco for more than 40 . You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. Despite tobacco production only taking a small percentage of their land, Brazil is one of the largest producers of tobacco in the world. Bar and restaurant owners predict steep revenue declines if South Dakota prohibits smoking in those businesses, but most studies of previous bans suggest those fears are unfounded - particularly for those that serve food. Cocoa beans production. For this reason, the Brazilian tobacco industry is internally debating ways to maintain the favorable transactions with its actual buyers. Chart. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. This statistic is not included in your account. The country is the second largest . Chart. , Jan 5, 2023. The comparison between these two periods indicates that the annual average of leaf tobacco production grew by 48%. 90% of tobacco farming is in low- to middle- income countries, with the top being China, Brazil, and India. . In 2000/01, the harvest in the states of Paran?, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul was 504 728 tonnes of tobacco, with a gross income of $R 1.23 billion, implying an average gross income per family farm of $R 9 164.63, from average production of 3.74 tonne/ha a record high. Over the last decade, the top three producers of tobacco leaf were China, India and Brazil. Based on the FAO Statistical Corporate Database in 2020, the production of Malawi's tobacco reaches ninety-three thousand tons. ", Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Production of tobacco in Brazil from 2010 to 2021 (in 1,000 metric tons) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1197588/tobacco-production-brazil/ (last visited March 05, 2023), Production of tobacco in Brazil from 2010 to 2021 (in 1,000 metric tons) [Graph], Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, September 15, 2022. Corn production. When the first Portuguese colonizers arrived to Brazilian lands they found tobacco plantations cared for by several indigenous tribes, who considered it a sacred plant with mystical origins. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Data prior to 2021 comes from earlier releases of the publication. Despite the importance of tobacco cultivation to Brazils economy, its tobacco crop occupies less than 1 per cent of the countrys total land area. These laws: In Brazil, The Union has been supporting the National Cancer Institute (INCA)through its National Commission for FCTC implementation in Brazil CONICQ and the worlds first government-run tobacco industry observatorymanaged by the Center for Studies on Tobacco and Health (CETAB) at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). According to a survey conducted by PriceWaterhouseCoopers, the export trends will not register significant changes for 2015. Approximately 650,000 people are involved in this production cycle, reaching a gross income of R$5.3 billion (US$1.5 billion). Brazil seems close to clarifying a future legal path for tobacco alternatives in a regulatory process expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2022. After several postponements, in March 2012, Anvisa, the sanitary regulatory agency in Brazil, decided to ban the additives that add flavor to cigarettes, such as menthol and clove. 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Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1197588/tobacco-production-brazil/, Production of tobacco in Brazil from 2010 to 2021, Available to download in PNG, PDF, XLS format, Area of harvested tobacco worldwide 1980-2021, Tobacco export value by leading country worldwide in 2021, Tobacco export volume by leading country worldwide in 2021, Tobacco production in China 2021, by region, Value of tobacco exports from China 2015-2021, Value of tobacco imports in China 2015-2021, Area of harvested tobacco India 2010-2021, Employment size of tobacco industry in India 2021, by type, Wholesale Price Index of tobacco products in India FY 2012-2022, Tobacco export value from India FY 2011-2022, Value of tobacco exports from India FY 2015-2022, by type, Brazil: tobacco production value 2010-2021, Brazil: tobacco production volume 2010-2021, Brazil: tobacco export value 2021, by type, Brazil: raw tobacco imports 2021, by country of origin, Area of tobacco harvested in the U.S. 2001-2022, Farm cash receipts of tobacco in Canada 2008-2021, Tobacco products: Manufacturing turnover in the United Kingdom (UK) 2009-2012, Romania: agricultural area for production of tobacco 2007-2019, Total tobacco production costs in Extremadura Spain 2014, by type, Average tobacco production volume in Extremadura Spain 2014, by type, Industry revenue of manufacture of tobacco products in Romania 2012-2025, Production volume of tobacco in Spain 2005-2017, Cigarette production in Armenia 2016-2019, Latin America: major tobacco producers 2019, Forecast: operating revenue tobacco production equipment manufacture China 2008-2020, Production of tobacco in Brazil from 2010 to 2021 (in 1,000 metric tons), Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, area devoted to tobacco harvesting in Brazil. The main uses were religious (a call to the gods and in predictions) and medicinal (curing wounds, migraines, stomach aches). Called Oktoberfest, the party promotes German traditions since 1984, with lots of beer, dance, and a strong emphasis on cultural aspects. Approximately 650,000 people are involved in this production cycle, reaching a gross income of R$5.3 billion (US$1.5 billion). An attempt has been made to identify the social importance of tobacco growing and the major economic factors affecting production and consumption of tobacco products. Tobacco products are prepared by curing the leaves of tobacco plant which is a part of the genus Nicotiana of the Solanaceae family. The single biggest country purchasing tobacco from Brazil is China, which bought USD 478 million worth in tobacco. Brazilian production of dark sun-cured and air-cured tobacco for cigars and dark cigarette tobacco is still relatively high and only exceeded by Cuba and the Philippines. In, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. You only have access to basic statistics. . Brazil is the world's leading exporter of tobacco. The internal market was worried, but this fall wasnt enough to remove Brazil from the top of world export ranking. Pacini said the rescue was the third since 2019 in Venancio Aires, one of Brazil's largest tobacco producing areas. In the poor northeast, tobacco drives the economy in 39 municipalities, especially in the states of Para?ba, Rio Grande do Norte, Cear? 2015-2023 October Multimedia Co., Ltd - Tobacco Industry magazine reporting on cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, RYO, bidis, kretek, cigarillos, chewing tobacco, tobacco equipment, tobacco machinery, tobacco packaging machinery, make-pack machines, news, Indonesia and China. * Replaces Akehurst: Tobacco (first edition published by Longman's in 1968, second edition in 1981) as the most comprehensive reference work on tobacco * Tobacco is the world's most important non-food crop, employing millions of people in developed and developing countries * Contributors selected from amongst the world's most distinguished experts * Highlights current tobacco production . Change). In these states, tobacco is one of the main economic drivers. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Production of tobacco in Brazil from 2010 to 2021 (in 1,000 metric tons) [Graph]. There were over 1 million tobacco-attributable hospitalisations in Brazil from 1996 to 2005. Cocoa bean production. In Brazil, the market has high concentrations in only two major companies: Souza Cruz who holds 62% of the market share and Philip Morris with 15% of the market share. One strategy to recover the business is to introduce positive assets that Brazilian tobacco already has to the buyers. The tobacco industry plays an important socio-economic . 1492 - Christopher Columbus first encounters dried tobacco leaves. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach 9.3 Million Tons by 2028, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 1.45% during 2023-2028. Upwards of 95% of all tobacco produced in Brazil is cultivated in the southern region. This segment of the economy of the northeast is an important source of permanent full-time jobs. Brazil Cigarette Production. Data prior to 2021 comes from earlier releases of the publication. Over 8,740 people have been trained globally. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Research expert covering agriculture & FMCG, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. This could spell disaster for the namesake of Brazilian Tobaccos farmers as a whole. Mineral Water, Pet Food Nutrition, Rolling Papers (Tobacco) , Honey And Propolis, Furniture, parenteral solutions, powdered milk, Cosmetics, Organic food items SAFFA - Import & Export Ltd. Marechal Floriano,581 # 201 Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul An estimate by Associa? Show publisher information The year 2013 is remembered nowadays as the year of records in the Brazilian tobacco industry. It is estimated that around about 200.000 farms are cultivating tobacco in this region. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. Some 473,000 tons of tobacco was produced last year and sales also shrunk to US$2.459 billion, representing a drop of 24% when compared to the previous year. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. Brazil has become the prime leaf source of the world's quality virginia and burley tobaccos, supplying customers worldwide. An attempt has been made to identify the social importance of tobacco growing and the major economic factors affecting production and consumption of tobacco products. ~Turkish Proverb. Required fields are marked *. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. This measure also prohibits the importation of such products, but does not prohibit the manufacturing in Brazil of products with additives for export. Despite a global trend of decreasing tobacco consumption from 2000 to 2018, tobacco leaf production continues to grow, supported by the narratives of the tobacco industry. Tobacco growers in southern Brazil produced 560.18 million kg in 2021-2022, 10.9 percent less than in the previous growing season, reports Kohltrade, citing figures released by the Brazilian Tobacco Growers Association, Afubra, on Sept. 5.. Production included 512.59 million kg of flue-cured Virginia, 41.79 million kg of burley and 5.79 million kg of Galpao Comum, a native tobacco variety. September 15, 2022. ManufacturerBarrington House Premium Cigars Ltd. ManufacturerBlue Mountain Mineral Resources. There were over 1 million tobacco-attributable hospitalisations in Brazil from 1996 to 2005. Also, the average age of smoking initiation is 17 years old. The study covers not only the production of raw tobacco but also the manufactured products: cigarettes online and cigars. Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth. As a signer, Brazil agreed to forbid advertising of tobacco products and to heavily regulate its market by increasing taxes and by raising awareness on the side effects of tobacco consumption. In the year 2014, new rules were put in place by the Ministry of Health, where they further regulated the areas in which people were permitted to smoke: the only indoor spaces where smoking was allowed was determined to be only inside tobacco shops and in religious spaces where smoking was part of the ritual. In Bahia, a densely populated area of the state and region, the tobacco industry also offers employment to rural-urban communities. Use Ask Statista Research Service. Recent improvements have upgraded Brazilian tobacco to a new quality status, and production capacity has been expanded, mainly for export. It could have been even worse if Brazil hadnt entered seven new tobacco buying countries. India and United States, the next biggest FCV producers, harvest around 275 million kg and 220 million kg respectively, but even their combined annual total is still significantly less than the numbers produced on Brazilian soils. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Brick House Cigars Now Available In Thailand, What To Know About Counterfeit Cuban Cigars. Indian tobacco industry is one of the largest commercial sectors and an important source of direct and indirect employment in many regions of the country. Since 1990, Brazilian tobacco production grew 94%, totaling 851,000 tons in 2013. The harvested area of tobacco in Brazil experienced an overall downward trend throughout the past decade. Beyond being a signer of this agreement, the Brazilian government has other additional regulations on not only tobacco companies, but also the population and the people who smoke. Another measure to reduce consumption of tobacco is supporting alternatives for income generation activities for the tobacco farmers. The scope of this study will include the production, distribution and sale of tobacco and its by-products, such as cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, roll-your-own . Tobacco production in Brazilas in the United Statesinvolves applying a range of toxic chemicals at various stages in the season. ~D.H. Over a dozen amendments, provisional measures, regulations and resolutions to the law have been adopted since 1996. Despite our massive production rates, Brazilian consumption of tobacco is relatively low compared to other countries, with only 16.9% of our population consuming tobacco and its derivative products like cigarettes, while, in comparison, the same is true for 33% of the world population. China and India produce together more than 50 % of world's total tobacco. Fewer clients combined with competitor countries, which started selling more and good quality tobacco exacerbated the situation. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set ITGA Manager Tobacco Industry Analysis Ivan Genov . Numbers have been rounded. China, Brazil, India, the United States of America, and Indonesia are the world leaders in tobacco production. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. It is grown largely in semi-arid and rain-fed areas where the cultivation of alternative crops is economically unviable. In 2021, production amounted to 349.4 thousand hectares, a decrease of more than 23 . Three main types of tobacco are produced: Common, Virginia and Burley. Exports of tobacco go to nearly 100 different countries, with the main customers being the European Union (42%), followed by Southeastern Asia (27%), and North America (13%). subtitle: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Translate site, Google translate requires Javascript or you can use your browsers inbuilt language options. For the fifth consecutive year, Brazil recorded growth in overseas shipments of tobacco (smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco, snuff), which increased by 2.3% to X tons in 2021. INTRODUCTION. ", FAO, Leading tobacco producing countries worldwide in 2021 (in 1,000 metric tons)* Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/261173/leading-countries-in-tobacco-production/ (last visited March 05, 2023), Leading tobacco producing countries worldwide in 2021 (in 1,000 metric tons)* [Graph], FAO, January 5, 2023. A lot of this tobacco is exported to other parts of the world; however, Brazil has a significant smoking problem among its population. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). The cultivated area destined for tobacco production is of 405,000 hectares, roughly 1 million acres, as of 2013. Flue cured Virginia is dried in curing barns with indirect heat exposure and Burley is cured in air curing barns. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, tobacco had a share of 9.3% on the total value of exports and in Santa Catarina, tobacco represented 10.2%. . Total household income from tobacco was only US$580.1 million in 2001. Increased the tax on tobacco as a percent of retail price to over 60%. Cigarettes are often marketed to the younger public as ways of maturing and portals into the adult world, depicting smokers and ideas of success, sensuality and liberty. Prohibit all tobacco advertising and promotion, excluding point of sale. Cigarettes Smoking Effects.Tobacco news and cigarettes information. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 60m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. The combine Revenues of the World's Six Largest Tobacco Companies are more than USD 346 Billion, which is Equal to 20% of the Gross National Income of Brazil. In that year, China was the biggest tobacco producer worldwide with an amount of . Global tobacco leaf trade, percentage of GDP, 2018 Production (tonnes) Fig. The global tobacco market size reached 8.5 Million Tons in 2022. The Minister Health, Luiz Henrique Mandetta, CONICQ's President received the award during the 74th United Nations General Assembly on Sept.23, 2019. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. The tobacco market is a very specific market, highly regulated and monitored, yet it affects all segments of the world and Brazilian population. These Kentucky farms cover 255,053 . There is also a normal disparity between the number of males and the number of females consuming tobacco: 21% for men and 13% for women against 42% for men and 24% for women in developed countries. I havent had time for tobacco since. The Tobacco Products market in Brazil is projected to grow by 2.11% (2023-2027) resulting in a market volume of US$6,159.00m in 2027. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ). The Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index is a survey to determine how governments are protecting their public health policies from commercial and vested interests of the tobacco industry as required under the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). It was a great year for the rural population of the countryside, with an annual crop of 624,000 tons, and a terrific year for the city dwellers: the sales topped US$3.240 billion. Larger-scale growers plant up to 40 000 stands. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). Brazil is a signer of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the first international treaty about public health, recognizing tobacco use as a disease caused by chemical dependence. Brazilian tobacco is now exported to over 100 countries. While 33% of all adults in the world consume tobacco in any of its forms, only 16.9% of the Brazilian adult population consumes tobacco and its derivatives. Tobacco Industry. An Integrated Tobacco Production System is in place to address sustainability concerns and security of quality supply. The TCC has indicated that tobacco yields this year (2007) are down by 18 million kg from 158 million kg last year. In, FAO. Coffee production by region. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set In Brazil, a clear discrepancy between domestically available unmanufactured tobacco . Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The tobacco industry's strong desire to increase tobacco use opens the door for possible government bribing and corruption to prevent the implementation of tobacco control laws and policies. Growing tobacco is an extremely profitable activity, specially in comparison to other crops. According to the Brazil's association of tobacco growers (AFUBRA), 347,000 hectares are planted by 162,000 big and small growers. Statista. In Brazil, The Union has been supporting the National Cancer Institute (INCA)through its National Commission for FCTC implementation in Brazil CONICQ and the worlds first government-run. An Integrated Tobacco Production System is in place to address sustainability concerns and security of quality supply. Global tobacco market: leading companies 2021, based on net sales, Major U.S. states in tobacco production 2020-2022, Tobacco production worldwide 2021, by country, Ranking of the most valuable tobacco brands worldwide 2022. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. . Brazil produces approximate 100 million kg of Burley tobacco, with production size similar to the United States. Total household income from tobacco farming built up from US$233.4 million in 1980 to a peak in 1997, when incomes totalled almost US$1 billion. The National Cancer Institute (INCA), a Union grantee, contributed to the legal and technical foundation for a bill of law prohibiting the advertisement of and use of flavourings and additives in cigarettes and other tobacco products, and establishing standardised tobacco packaging (Legislation- Senate Bill No 769/2015). Tobacco cultivation often results in desertification. Allow sub-national regulations that are stricter than the national law. I tried to stop smoking cigarettes by telling myself I just didnt want to smoke, but I didnt believe myself. Cigar Emperor prides itself as the leading resource of everything related to cigars. The agroindustrial tobacco complex in South Brazil is responsible for a financial movement in excess of R$10.8 billion/year, considering the various stages of the production and commercial process. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. Tobacco leaf production, 2000-2018 Tobacco farming causes soil erosion and is now one of the leading uses of land, causing vegetation losses in numerous countries. The small average size of farms in the south between 1 and 10 ha allows only limited alternatives to tobacco. The UN agency revealed that the tobacco industry costs the world more than eight million human lives every year. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 60m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information The 2014 crop was the least impressive in the previous 10 years (as seen from the chart below). Robust and transparent research methodology, conducted in-country. Tobacco is cultivated in more than 100 countries, however, six countries account for 2/3 of all production: China, Brazil, India, USA, Malawi, and Indonesia [Schmitt et al., 2007].It is estimated that more than 30 million farmworkers are involved in tobacco production around the world [Schmitt et al., 2007].Brazil is the second leading tobacco producing country worldwide, and in . Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information Tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, is an herbaceous annual or perennial plant in the family Solanaceae grown for its leaves.The tobacco plant has a thick, hairy stem and large, simple leaves which are oval in shape. Industry revenue of manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing i Production of tobacco in Brazil from 2010 to 2021 (in billion Brazilian reals), Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. Good for the countryside, great for the government: only in 2014, the collected taxes averaged US$3.07 billion. In addition, high labor, energy, and raw material costs are also partly responsible. The cigarette pack is presented as a passport to the adult world, success, sensuality and liberty. Tobacco is grown in two distinct areas: the northeast and the south. Anti-spam word: (Required)* For the Southern Region of Brazil, tobacco crops are one of the main agroindustrial activities. This provides subsistence to a household of six people. March marked a sales increase of 87%. The tobacco epidemic also costs Brazil US $17 billion/year in direct and indirect costs. Brazil and Uganda - which looked into whether tobacco cultivation posed a greater hazard . The results . Historic volume and value sizes, company and brand market shares. Manufacturer Blue Mountain Mineral Resources. Tobacco is grown mainly in two regions in the poorer northeast region which specializes in black tobacco and tobacco leaf for cigar wrapping and in the richer south which grows tobacco leaf for cigarettes. In 2020, Brazil was the third largest producer of tobacco and accounted for 11.9% of all global tobacco production. During 2020, Union Courses organised 55 training events, face-to-face and online, for a total of 562 hours of training, which is the equivalent to 70 days.