Finally, in 1939, RCA agreed to pay Farnsworth royalties for his patents. [60] Farnsworth said, "There had been attempts to devise a television system using mechanical disks and rotating mirrors and vibrating mirrorsall mechanical. As a result, he became seriously ill with pneumonia and died at age 65 on March 11, 1971, in Salt Lake City. [46] Farnsworth set up shop at 127 East Mermaid Lane in Philadelphia, and in 1934 held the first public exhibition of his device at the Franklin Institute in that city. In 1923, the family moved to Provo, Utah, and Farnsworth attended Brigham Young High School that fall. Farnsworth became seriously ill with pneumonia and died on 11 March 1971. We believe in the picture-frame type of a picture, where the visual display will be just a screen. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. He convinced them to go into a partnership to produce his television system. Self-taught American physicist and inventor Philo "Phil" Farnsworth was born in a log cabin alongside Indian Creek, a few miles outside the tiny town of Beaver, Utah. Along with awarding him an honorary doctorate, BYU gave Farnsworth office space and a concrete underground laboratory to work in. As a student at Rigby High School, Farnsworth excelled in chemistry and physics. [50], In 1967, Farnsworth and his family moved back to Utah to continue his fusion research at Brigham Young University, which presented him with an honorary doctorate. Downingtown, Chester County, Pennsylvania 19335 . [14] However, he was already thinking ahead to his television projects; he learned that the government would own his patents if he stayed in the military, so he obtained an honorable discharge within months of joining[14] under a provision in which the eldest child in a fatherless family could be excused from military service to provide for his family. He moved to Brigham Young University, where he continued his fusion research with a new company, Philo T. Farnsworth Associates, but the company went bankrupt in 1970. Farnsworth was born August 19, 1906, the eldest of five children[11] of Lewis Edwin Farnsworth and Serena Amanda Bastian, a Latter-day Saint couple living in a small log cabin built by Lewis' father near Beaver, Utah. Philo T. Farnsworth (1906-1971) is known as the father of television by proving, as a young man, that pictures could be televised electronically. Shortly after, the newly couple moved to San Francisco, where Farnsworth set up his new laboratory at 202 Green Street. The Sun is about vitality and is the core giver of life. But he was very proud, and he stuck to his method. This system developed in the 1950s was the forerunner of today's air traffic control systems. Schatzkin eloquently summarized his contributions, stating "There are only a few noble spirits like Philo T. Farnsworth . One of the first experimental video camera tubes, called an image dissector, designed by American engineer Philo T. Farnsworth in 1930. Military service: US Navy (1924-26) Self-taught American physicist and inventor Philo "Phil" Farnsworth was born in a log cabin alongside Indian Creek, a few miles outside the . Philo T Farnsworth: The Father of Television Part III - IHB In 1934, Farnsworth's high school teacher, Mr Tolman, appeared in court on his behalf, introducing as evidence the paper describing television, which the teenaged Farnsworth had turned in 13 years earlier. [9][58], At the time he died, Farnsworth held 300 U.S. and foreign patents. By the late 20th century, the video camera tube he had conceived of in 1927 had evolved into the charge-coupled devices used in broadcast television today. Farnsworth began transmitting scheduled television programs from his laboratory in 1936. Philo Taylor Farnsworth's electronic inventions made possible today's TV industry, the TV shots from the moon, and satellite pictures. 4-Sep-1948)Son: Philo Taylor Farnsworth, Jr. (b. Born: 19-Aug-1906Birthplace: Indian Creek, UTDied: 11-Mar-1971Location of death: Holladay, UTCause of death: PneumoniaRemains: Buried, Provo City Cemetery, Provo, UT, Gender: MaleReligion: MormonRace or Ethnicity: WhiteSexual orientation: StraightOccupation: Inventor, Physicist, Nationality: United StatesExecutive summary: Inventor of electronic television. Philo Farnsworth was born in 1900s. Philo Farnsworth Birth Name: Philo Farnsworth Occupation: Engineer Place Of Birth: UT Date Of Birth: August19, 1906 Date Of Death: March 11, 1971 Cause Of Death: N/A Ethnicity: Unknown Nationality: American Philo Farnsworth was born on the 19th of August, 1906. Farnsworth and Pem married on May 27, 1926. In 1967, Farnsworth was issued an honorary degree by Brigham Young University, which he had briefly attended after graduating from Brigham Young High School. Farnsworth was retained as vice president of research. In 1938, investors in the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation (FTRC) scoured the . He quickly spent the original $6,000 put up by Everson and Gorrell, but Everson procured $25,000 and laboratory space from the Crocker First National Bank of San Francisco. He was the first person to propose that pictures could be televised . With an initial $6,000 in financial backing, Farnsworth was ready to start turning his dreams of an all-electronic television into reality. [25], A few months after arriving in California, Farnsworth was prepared to show his models and drawings to a patent attorney who was nationally recognized as an authority on electrophysics. During his time at ITT, Farnsworth worked in a basement laboratory known as "the cave" on Pontiac Street in Fort Wayne. With television research put on hold by World War II, Farnsworth obtained a government contract to make wooden ammunition boxes. After accepting the deal from RCA, Farnsworth sold his company but continued his research on technologies including radar, the infrared telescope, and nuclear fusion. Philo Taylor Farnsworth was born in 1906 in southwestern Utah in a log cabin built by his grandfather, a follower of the Mormon leader, Brigham Young. Realizing ITT would dismantle its fusion lab, Farnsworth invited staff members to accompany him to Salt Lake City, as team members in Philo T. Farnsworth Associates (PTFA). Philo Farnsworth was "the first to form and manipulate an electron beam" and according to his biographer Paul Schatzkin "that accomplishment represents a quantum leap in human knowledge that is still in use today." Biography of Philo Farnsworth, American Inventor and TV Pioneer. The Philo Awards (officially Philo T. Farnsworth Awards, not to be confused with the one above) is an annual. This led to a patent battle that lasted over ten years, resulting in RCA's paying Farnsworth $1M for patent licenses for TV scanning, focusing, synchronizing, contrast, and controls devices. Philo T Farnsworth: The Father of Television Part II - IHB A plaque honoring Farnsworth is located next to his former home at 734 E. State Blvd, in a historical district on the southwest corner of E. State and St. Joseph Blvds in Fort Wayne, Indiana. philo farnsworth cause of death - librarymmckotma.in Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Meanwhile, RCA, still angry at Farnsworth's rejection of their buyout offer, filed a series of patent interference lawsuits against him, claiming that Zworykin's 1923 "iconoscope" patent superseded Farnsworth's patented designs. Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1826 - 1887) - Genealogy - geni family tree RCA had not taken Farnsworths rejection lightly and began a lengthy series of court cases in which RCA tried to invalidate Farnsworths patents. By the time he held a public demonstration of his invention at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia on August 25, 1934, Farnsworth had been granted U.S. Patent No. Omissions? In 1930, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) sent the head of its electronic television project, Vladimir Zworykin, to meet with Farnsworth at his San Francisco laboratory. Hopes at the time were high that it could be quickly developed into a practical power source. Category:Philo Taylor Farnsworth - Wikimedia Commons Farnsworth was posthumously inducted into the Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia Hall of Fame in 2006. Philo T. Farnsworth - Inventions, Facts & Television - Biography Philo Farnsworth has since been inducted into the San Francisco Hall of Fame and the Television Academy Hall of Fame. 25-Feb-1908, dated 1924-26, m. 27-May-1926, d. 27-Apr-2006, four sons)Son: Kenneth Garnder Farnsworth (b. If you see something that doesnt look right, contact us. He frequently stated that they had basically invented television together. Philo T. Farnsworth's contributions to electronics made the modern television possible. Pem Farnsworth spent many years trying to resurrect her husband's legacy, which had largely been erased as a result of the protracted legal battles with RCA. Philo Farnsworth Updated: October 6, 2011 . Here is all you want to know, and more! Though Farnsworth prevailed over Zworykin and RCA, the years of legal battles took a toll on him. A bronze statue of Farnsworth represents Utah in the, On September 15, 1981, a plaque honoring Farnsworth as. Philo Farnsworth Philo . Most television systems in use at the time used image scanning devic Philo Farnsworth, in full Philo Taylor Farnsworth II, (born August 19, 1906, Beaver, Utah, U.S.died March 11, 1971, Salt Lake City, Utah), American inventor who developed the first all-electronic . The strengths of this sign are being creative, passionate, generous, warm-hearted, cheerful, humorous, while weaknesses can be arrogant, stubborn, self-centered, lazy and inflexible. ITT Research (1951-68) Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 1893. He rejected the offer. The two men decided to move to Salt Lake City and open up a business fixing radios and household appliances. [12] He attended anyway and made use of the university's research labs, and he earned a Junior Radio-Trician certification from the National Radio Institute, and full certification in 1925. Baird demonstrated his mechanical system for Farnsworth. Who are the richest people in the world? Philo Farnsworth Biography - Facts, Childhood, Family Life Philo Farnsworth's Death - Cause and Date Born (Birthday) Aug 19, 1906 Death Date March 11, 1971 Age of Death 64 years Cause of Death Pneumonia Profession Engineer The engineer Philo Farnsworth died at the age of 64. Generation. She helped make the first tubes for their company, drew virtually all of the company's technical sketches during its early years, and wrote a biography of Farnsworth after his death. As he later described it, he was tilling a potato field with a horse-drawn plow, crossing the same field time after time and leaving lines of turned dirt, when it occurred to him that electron beams could do the same thing with images, leaving a trail of data line-by-line. Philo T. Farnsworth - Engineering and Technology History Wiki - ETHW Philo Farnsworth Statue - Washington, D.C. - Atlas Obscura The company's subsequent names included Farnsworth Television Inc. (or FTI), the rather understated Television Inc., and finally the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In a 2006 television interview, Farnsworths wife Pem revealed that after all of his years of hard work and legal battles, one of her husbands proudest moments finally came on July 20, 1969, as he watched the live television transmission of astronaut Neil Armstrongs first steps on the moon. By fixing and attaching a discarded electric motor, he simplified his daily chore of turning the crank handle of his mothers manually-operated washing machine. 18008 Bothell Everett Hwy SE # F, Bothell, WA 98012. [14] He won $25 in a pulp-magazine contest for inventing a magnetized car lock. [50][59], Although he was the man responsible for its technology, Farnsworth appeared only once on a television program. In 1934, after RCA failed to present any evidence that Zworykin had actually produced a functioning transmitter tube before 1931, the U.S. Patent Office awarded Farnsworth credit for the invention of the television image dissector. She died on April 27, 2006, at age 98. "[34] Contrary to Zworykin's statement, Farnsworth's patent number 2,087,683 for the Image Dissector (filed April 26, 1933) features the "charge storage plate" invented by Tihanyi in 1928 and a "low velocity" method of electron scanning, also describes "discrete particles" whose "potential" is manipulated and "saturated" to varying degrees depending on their velocity. Author: . Farnsworth was a technical prodigy from an early age. This upset his original financial backers, who had wanted to be bought out by RCA. He found a burned-out electric motor among some items discarded by the previous tenants and rewound the armature; he converted his mother's hand-powered washing machine into an electric-powered one. They rented a house at 2910 Derby Street, from which he applied for his first television patent, which was granted on August 26, 1930. The company faltered when funding grew tight. [100][101], In addition to Fort Wayne, Farnsworth operated a factory in Marion, Indiana, that made shortwave radios used by American combat soldiers in World War II. Bookmark this page and come back often for updates. The greatest overall compatibility with Leo is Aquarius, Gemini. Philo Farnsworth, Pioneer of Television, Appeared on TV Only Once Philo Farnsworth, in full Philo Taylor Farnsworth II, (born August 19, 1906, Beaver, Utah, U.S.died March 11, 1971, Salt Lake City, Utah), American inventor who developed the first all-electronic television system. Zworykin had developed a successful camera tube, the iconoscope, but many other necessary parts of a television system were patented by Farnsworth. "This place has got electricity," he declared. By the time he died, he had earned over 300 U.S. and foreign patents for electronic and mechanical devices. Buoyed by the AT&T deal, Farnsworth Television reorganized in 1938 as Farnsworth Television and Radio and purchased phonograph manufacturer Capehart Corporations factory in Fort Wayne, Indiana, to manufacture both devices. SALT LAKE CITY, March 12 Philo T. Farnsworth, a pioneer in television, died yesterday in LatterDay Saints Hospital here. 2023-24 InvenTeam Grants Application Open. Home; Services; New Patient Center. Farnsworth knew that replacing the spinning disks with an all-electronic scanning system would produce better images for transmission to a receiver. [53], In 1999, Time magazine included Farnsworth in the "Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century". [email protected] 617-253-3352, Bridge to Invention and Inclusive Innovation Program. In 1926 he went to work for charity fund-raisers George Everson and Leslie Gorrell. Pem worked closely with Farnsworth on his inventions, including drawing all of the technical sketches for research and patent applications. An extremely bright source was required because of the low light sensitivity of the design. NIHF Inductee Philo Farnsworth Invented the Television System Pem's brother Cliff shared Farnsworth's interest in electronics. At the age of six he decided he would be an inventor and he first fulfilled that aim when, as a 15-year-old high-school boy he described a complete system for sending pictures through the air. An amateur scientist at a young age, Farnsworth converted his family's home appliances to electric power during his high school years and won a national contest with his original invention of a tamper-proof lock. philo farnsworth cause of death - The North Creek Clinic [26] Most television systems in use at the time used image scanning devices ("rasterizers") employing rotating "Nipkow disks" comprising a spinning disk with holes arranged in spiral patterns such that they swept across an image in a succession of short arcs while focusing the light they captured on photosensitive elements, thus producing a varying electrical signal corresponding to the variations in light intensity. [43], In 1932, while in England to raise money for his legal battles with RCA, Farnsworth met with John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor who had given the world's first public demonstration of a working television system in London in 1926, using an electro-mechanical imaging system, and who was seeking to develop electronic television receivers. During January 1970, Philo T. Farnsworth Associates disbanded. Philo Taylor Farnsworth was born in 1906 in southwestern Utah in a log cabin built by his grandfather, a follower of the Mormon leader, Brigham Young. He moved back to Utah in 1967 to run a fusion lab at Brigham Young University. People to Gather in San Francisco to Remember Philo Farnsworth, Man Who He was a quick student in mechanical and electrical technology, repairing the troublesome generator. [1], In addition to his electronics research, ITT management agreed to nominally fund Farnsworth's nuclear fusion research. [26][27], On September 7, 1927, Farnsworth's image dissector camera tube transmitted its first image, a simple straight line, to a receiver in another room of his laboratory at 202 Green Street in San Francisco. [5][6] Farnsworth developed a television system complete with receiver and camerawhich he produced commercially through the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation from 1938 to 1951, in Fort Wayne, Indiana.[7][8]. However, when Farnsworth learned that being a naval officer meant that the government would own his future patents, he no longer wanted to attend the academy. Farnsworth imagined instead a vacuum tube that could reproduce images electronically by shooting a beam of electrons, line by line, against a light-sensitive screen. Farnsworth's contributions to science after leaving Philco were significant and far-reaching. [7] In June of that year, Farnsworth joined the Philco company and moved to Philadelphia along with his wife and two children. The stress associated with this managerial ultimatum, however, caused Farnsworth to suffer a relapse. Farnsworth had begun abusing alcohol in his later years,[51] and as a result became seriously ill with pneumonia, and died on March 11, 1971, at his home in Holladay, Utah. philo farnsworth cause of death. https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-philo-farnsworth-american-inventor-4775739 (accessed March 5, 2023). "Biography of Philo Farnsworth, American Inventor and TV Pioneer." ThoughtCo. The host then asked about his current research, and the inventor replied, "In television, we're attempting first to make better utilization of the bandwidth, because we think we can eventually get in excess of 2,000 lines instead of 525 and do it on an even narrower channel which will make for a much sharper picture. Celebrating Garey High School InvenTeam's Patent Award! Yet while his invention is in nearly every American household, his name has all but been forgotten by. Philo Farnsworth (1893 - 1964) - Downingtown, PA In 1947, Farnsworth moved back to Fort Wayne, Indiana, where his Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation produced its first commercially available television sets. The scenic "Farnsworth Steps" in San Francisco lead from Willard Street (just above Parnassus) up to Edgewood Avenue. A farm boy, his inspiration for scanning an image as a series of lines came from the back-and-forth motion used to plow a field. 21-Jan-1880, m. 28-Dec-1904, d. 22-May-1960)Sister: Agnes Farnsworth LindsayBrother: Carl FarnsworthSister: Laura Farnsworth PlayerBrother: Lincoln FarnsworthBrother: Ronald (half brother)Wife: Elma Gardner ("Pem", b. Philo T. Farnsworth: Conversing with Einstein & Achieving Fusion in When asked about that day, Pem recalled, Phil turned to me and said, That has made it all worthwhile!. He convinced RCA to offer Farnsworth $100,000 (over $1.4 million today) for his designs, but Farnsworth turned down the offer. Burial / Funeral Heritage Ethnicity & Lineage What is Philo's ethnicity and where did his parents, grandparents & great-grandparents come from? Discover what happened on this day. RCA after the war, the facility was located at 3301 S. Adams St.[103], Video of Farnsworth on Television's "I've Got a Secret", Learn how and when to remove this template message, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, "The Philo T. and Elma G. Farnsworth Papers (19241992)", "Philo T. Farnsworth dies at 64, known as father of television", New Television System Uses 'Magnetic Lens', The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), "Zworykin vs. Farnsworth, Part I: The Strange Story of TV's Troubled Origins", "Philo Taylor Farnsworth: Mathematician, Inventor, Father of Television", "Elma Gardner Farnsworth, 98, Who Helped Husband Develop TV, Dies", "Zworykin vs. Farnsworth, Part II: TV's Founding Fathers Finally Meet In the Lab", "Reconciling The Historical Origins of Electronic Video", The Farnsworth Chronicles, excerpt, Schatzkin, Paul (1977, 2001), "Who Invented What and When?? [32] Zworykin later abandoned research on the Image Dissector, which at the time required extremely bright illumination of its subjects, and turned his attention to what became the Iconoscope. On the television show, Futurama (1999), the character Hubert J. Farnsworth is said to be named after Philo Farnsworth. philo farnsworth cause of death Farnsworth continued his studies at Brigham Young University, where he matriculated in 1922. Philo T. Farnsworth kept a plaque on his desk that read "MEN AND TREES DIEIDEAS LIVE ON FOR THE AGES." Farnsworth's life serves as a testament to this. Several buildings and streets around rural. Cause of death Do you know the final resting place - gravesite in a cemetery or location of cremation - of Philo Farnsworth? Name at Birth: Philo Taylor Farnsworth Birth: 21 JAN 1826 - Burlington, Lawrence, Ohio, United States Death: 30/01 JUL 1887 - Beaver, Beaver, Utah, United States Burial: 1 AUG 1887 - Beaver, Beaver, Utah, United States Gender: Male Birth: Jan. 21, 1826 Burlington (Lawrence . Production of radios began in 1939. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. "Biography of Philo Farnsworth, American Inventor and TV Pioneer." 23-Sep-1929)Son: Russell Seymour Farnsworth (b. The business failed, but Farnsworth made important connections in Salt Lake City. He and staff members invented and refined a series of fusion reaction tubes called "fusors". Philo T. Farnsworth BORN: August 19, 1906 Beaver Creek, Utah DIED: March 11, 1971 Salt Lake City, Utah American inventor Some of the most important contributions to the development of modern television technology came from a most unlikely source: a brilliant farm boy named Philo T. Farnsworth. T Farnsworth Archives (managed by Farnsworth heirs), Rigby, Idaho: Birthplace of Television (Jefferson County Historical Society and Museum), The Boy Who Invented Television; by Paul Schatzkin, Archive of American Television oral history interviews about Farnsworth including ones with his widow Elma "Pem" Farnsworth, Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia website, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philo_Farnsworth&oldid=1137181316, Inventor of the first fully electronic television; over 169 United States and foreign patents. He left two years later to start his own company, Farnsworth Television. In "Cliff Gardner", the October 19, 1999 second episode of, The eccentric broadcast engineer in the 1989 film, In "Levers, Beakmania, & Television", the November 14, 1992 season 1 episode of. concerns. In recognition of his work, ITT agreed to at least partially fund Farnsworths research in his other long-held fascinationnuclear fusion. Until her death in 2006, Farnsworths wife, Pem fought to assure her husbands place in history. [15][16], Farnsworth excelled in chemistry and physics at Rigby High School. In 1937, Farnsworth Television and American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) formed a partnership, agreeing to use each others patents. But in 1918, when his Mormon family moved by covered wagon to his uncle's Rigby, Idaho, ranch, little Phil saw wires stretched across poles. "[45] In Everson's view the decision was mutual and amicable. People of this zodiac sign like to be admired, expensive things, bright colors, and dislike being ignored, facing difficulties, not being treated specially. Philo T. Farnsworth: Hall of Fame Tribute | Television Academy His father died of pneumonia in January 1924 at age 58, and Farnsworth assumed responsibility for sustaining the family while finishing high school. Erik Gregersen is a senior editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica, specializing in the physical sciences and technology. The initials "G.I." AKA Philo Taylor Farnsworth. Full Name: Philo Taylor Farnsworth II Known For: American inventor and television pioneer Born: August 19, 1906 in Beaver, Utah Parents: Lewis Edwin Farnsworth and Serena Amanda Bastian Died: March 11, 1971 in Salt Lake City, Utah Education: Brigham Young University (no degree) Patent: US1773980A Television system Philo Farnsworth conceived the world's first all-electronic television at the age of 15. Like many famous people and celebrities, Philo Farnsworth kept his personal life private. But he never abandoned his dream, and in 1926, he convinced some friends to fund his invention efforts. In 1947 he returned to Fort Wayne, and that same year Farnsworth Television produced its first television set. [10] Farnsworth held 300 patents, mostly in radio and television. His system used an "image dissector" camera, which made possible a greater image-scanning speed than had previously been achieved with mechanical televisions. "One of those amazing facts of modern life that just don't seem possiblenamely, electrically scanned television that seems destined to reach your home next year, was largely given to the world by a nineteen-year-old boy from Utah Today, barely thirty years old he is setting the specialized world of science on its ears. In 1938, he unveiled a prototype of the first all-electric television, and went on to lead research in nuclear fusion.. [citation needed], Many inventors had built electromechanical television systems before Farnsworth's seminal contribution, but Farnsworth designed and built the world's first working all-electronic television system, employing electronic scanning in both the pickup and display devices. He was forced to drop out following the death of his father two years later. His first public demonstration of television was in Philadelphia on 25 August 1934, broadcasting an image of the moon. He was born in a log cabin constructed by his grandfather, a Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints pioneer. ", "Philo T. Farnsworth (19061971) Historical Marker", "Elma Farnsworth, widow of TV pioneer, dies at 98", "Indiana Broadcast Pioneers We're archiving Indiana media history", "Return Farnsworth statue to Capitol, urges former Ridgecrest principal", "Family of Television Inventor Criticizes Decision to Remove Statue in Washington D.C", "Statue of Dr. Martha Hughes Cannon heads to U.S. Capitol", "Senate approves replacing Utah's D.C. statue of TV inventor Philo T. Farnsworth with Martha Hughes Cannon", "Visitor Tips and News About Statue of Philo Farnsworth, Inventor of TV", "Farnsworth TV and Pioneer Museum brings visitors near and far", "This New TV Streaming Service is Named After a Legendary Utahn", "Farnsworth Elementary - Jefferson Joint School District #251", "Aaron Sorkin's Farnsworth Invention to Open on Broadway in November", "Farnsworth Building Being Demolished | 21Alive: News, Sports, Weather, Fort Wayne WPTA-TV, WISE-TV, and CW | Local", "Capehart Corp.; Fort Wayne, IN - see also manufacturer in US", "History Center Notes & Queries: History Center Rescues Farnsworth Artifacts", "National Register of Historic Places Listings", "Abandoned Marion properties are experiencing different fates", Official Homepage: Philo.